The Bermuda Triangle Mystery Is Solved. Again.

Region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean

Bermuda Triangle
Devil's Triangle
Ane version of the Bermuda Triangle expanse
Bermuda Triangle
Coordinates	25°Northward 71°W  /  25°N 71°West  / 25; -71 Coordinates: 25°North 71°West  /  25°N 71°Westward  / 25; -71

The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil'south Triangle, is an urban legend centered around a loosely divers region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean where a number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared nether mysterious circumstances. The idea of the area as uniquely prone to disappearances arose in the mid-20th century, but most reputable sources dismiss the idea that there is any mystery.^{[1] [two] [iii]}

Origins

The primeval suggestion of unusual disappearances in the Bermuda expanse appeared in a September 17, 1950, article published in The Miami Herald (Associated Press) by Edward Van Winkle Jones.^[4] Ii years later, Fate magazine published "Sea Mystery at Our Back Door",^{[5] [6]} a brusque article by George Sand roofing the loss of several planes and ships, including the loss of Flying 19, a group of five US Navy Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo bombers on a grooming mission. Sand's article was the outset to lay out the at present-familiar triangular surface area where the losses took place, as well as the first to propose a supernatural element to the Flight nineteen incident. Flight nineteen solitary would be covered once more in the April 1962 issue of American Legion magazine.^[7] In it, writer Allan W. Eckert wrote that the flight leader had been heard saying, "Nosotros are entering white water, nothing seems right. We don't know where we are, the h2o is light-green, no white." He also wrote that officials at the Navy board of inquiry stated that the planes "flew off to Mars."^[8]

In Feb 1964, Vincent Gaddis wrote an article called "The Mortiferous Bermuda Triangle" in the pulp magazine Argosy maxim Flying 19 and other disappearances were part of a blueprint of strange events in the region.^[ix] The next yr, Gaddis expanded this article into a volume, Invisible Horizons.^[10]

Other writers elaborated on Gaddis' ideas: John Wallace Spencer (Limbo of the Lost, 1969, repr. 1973);^[11] Charles Berlitz (The Bermuda Triangle, 1974);^[12] Richard Winer (The Devil's Triangle, 1974),^[13] and many others, all keeping to some of the same supernatural elements outlined by Eckert.^[14]

Triangle area

The Gaddis Argosy commodity delineated the boundaries of the triangle,^[9] giving its vertices as Miami; San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Bermuda. Subsequent writers did non necessarily follow this definition.^[15] Some writers gave dissimilar boundaries and vertices to the triangle, with the total expanse varying from 1,300,000 to 3,900,000 km^two (500,000 to ane,510,000 sq mi).^[15] "Indeed, some writers fifty-fifty stretch it every bit far as the Irish gaelic declension."^[2] Consequently, the determination of which accidents occurred inside the triangle depends on which author reported them.^[15]

Criticism of the concept

Larry Kusche

Larry Kusche, author of The Bermuda Triangle Mystery: Solved (1975),^[1] argued that many claims of Gaddis and subsequent writers were exaggerated, dubious or unverifiable. Kusche'south research revealed a number of inaccuracies and inconsistencies between Berlitz's accounts and statements from eyewitnesses, participants, and others involved in the initial incidents. Kusche noted cases where pertinent information went unreported, such as the disappearance of round-the-world yachtsman Donald Crowhurst, which Berlitz had presented equally a mystery, despite articulate bear witness to the opposite. Some other example was the ore-carrier recounted past Berlitz equally lost without trace iii days out of an Atlantic port when information technology had been lost 3 days out of a port with the same name in the Pacific Body of water. Kusche as well argued that a big percentage of the incidents that sparked allegations of the Triangle'southward mysterious influence actually occurred well exterior it. Often his research was simple: he would review period newspapers of the dates of reported incidents and find reports on possibly relevant events like unusual atmospheric condition, that were never mentioned in the disappearance stories.

Kusche ended that:

• The number of ships and shipping reported missing in the area was non significantly greater, proportionally speaking, than in whatever other part of the ocean.
• In an surface area frequented by tropical cyclones, the number of disappearances that did occur were, for the most part, neither asymmetric, unlikely, nor mysterious.
• Furthermore, Berlitz and other writers would often fail to mention such storms or even represent the disappearance every bit having happened in calm conditions when meteorological records conspicuously contradict this.
• The numbers themselves had been exaggerated by sloppy research. A boat'southward disappearance, for example, would exist reported, but its eventual (if belated) return to port may not have been.
• Some disappearances had, in fact, never happened. One plane crash was said to take taken place in 1937, off Daytona Beach, Florida, in front of hundreds of witnesses; a check of the local papers revealed nothing.^{[ citation needed ]}

• The legend of the Bermuda Triangle is a manufactured mystery, perpetuated by writers who either purposely or unknowingly made use of misconceptions, faulty reasoning, and sensationalism.^[1]

In a 2013 report, the World Wide Fund for Nature identified the world's 10 most unsafe waters for shipping, just the Bermuda Triangle was not among them.^{[16] [17]}

Further responses

When the UK Channel 4 tv program The Bermuda Triangle (1992)^[18] was existence produced by John Simmons of Geofilms for the Equinox serial, the marine insurance market Lloyd's of London was asked if an unusually big number of ships had sunk in the Bermuda Triangle surface area. Lloyd's determined that large numbers of ships had non sunk there.^[3] Lloyd's does not accuse higher rates for passing through this area. U.s. Declension Guard records confirm their conclusion. In fact, the number of supposed disappearances is relatively insignificant considering the number of ships and shipping that laissez passer through on a regular footing.^[1]

The Coast Baby-sit is also officially skeptical of the Triangle, noting that they collect and publish, through their inquiries, much documentation contradicting many of the incidents written about by the Triangle authors. In ane such incident involving the 1972 explosion and sinking of the tanker 5. A. Fogg, the Declension Guard photographed the wreck and recovered several bodies,^[19] in contrast with i Triangle author's claim that all the bodies had vanished, with the exception of the captain, who was found sitting in his cabin at his desk, clutching a java cup.^[eleven] In addition, 5. A. Fogg sank off the coast of Texas, nowhere almost the commonly accepted boundaries of the Triangle.

The Nova/Horizon episode The Case of the Bermuda Triangle, aired on June 27, 1976, was highly critical, stating that "When we've gone back to the original sources or the people involved, the mystery evaporates. Science does not have to answer questions most the Triangle because those questions are not valid in the first place ... Ships and planes behave in the Triangle the aforementioned way they behave everywhere else in the world."^[ii]

Skeptical researchers, such every bit Ernest Taves^[20] and Barry Vocaliser,^[21] have noted how mysteries and the paranormal are very pop and profitable. This has led to the production of vast amounts of cloth on topics such as the Bermuda Triangle. They were able to evidence that some of the pro-paranormal textile is oftentimes misleading or inaccurate, simply its producers proceed to market it. Accordingly, they have claimed that the market is biased in favor of books, Television specials, and other media that support the Triangle mystery, and confronting well-researched fabric if information technology espouses a skeptical viewpoint.

Benjamin Radford, an author and scientific paranormal investigator, noted in an interview on the Bermuda Triangle that it could be very hard locating an aircraft lost at ocean due to the vast search area, and although the disappearance might be mysterious, that did non make it paranormal or unexplainable. Radford farther noted the importance of double-checking information as the mystery surrounding the Bermuda Triangle had been created past people who had neglected to do so.^[22]

Hypothetical explanation attempts

Persons accepting the Bermuda Triangle as a real phenomenon have offered a number of explanatory approaches.

Paranormal explanations

Triangle writers take used a number of supernatural concepts to explain the events. Ane explanation pins the blame on leftover technology from the mythical lost continent of Atlantis. Sometimes connected to the Atlantis story is the submerged stone formation known equally the Bimini Road off the isle of Bimini in the Bahamas, which is in the Triangle by some definitions. Followers of the purported psychic Edgar Cayce take his prediction that evidence of Atlantis would be found in 1968, as referring to the discovery of the Bimini Road. Believers describe the formation as a road, wall, or other structure, but the Bimini Road is of natural origin.^[23]

Some hypothesize that a parallel universe exists in the Bermuda Triangle region, causing a time/space warp that sucks the objects around it into a parallel universe. ^[24] Others aspect the events to UFOs.^{[25] [26]} Charles Berlitz, author of various books on anomalous phenomena, lists several theories attributing the losses in the Triangle to anomalous or unexplained forces.^[12]

Natural explanations

Compass variations

Compass problems are one of the cited phrases in many Triangle incidents. While some have theorized that unusual local magnetic anomalies may exist in the area,^[27] such anomalies have not been found. Compasses accept natural magnetic variations in relation to the magnetic poles, a fact which navigators take known for centuries. Magnetic (compass) north and geographic (true) n are exactly the same merely for a small number of places – for example, as of 2000^[update], in the United States, only those places on a line running from Wisconsin to the Gulf of United mexican states.^[28] Just the public may not be as informed, and think at that place is something mysterious about a compass "changing" beyond an area as big equally the Triangle, which it naturally will.^[1]

Faux-color image of the Gulf Stream flowing north through the western Atlantic Ocean. (NASA)

Gulf Stream

The Gulf Stream is a major surface current, primarily driven past thermohaline circulation that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and so flows through the Straits of Florida into the North Atlantic. In essence, it is a river within an ocean, and, like a river, it can and does conduct floating objects. It has a maximum surface velocity of about 2 m/s (half dozen.6 ft/s).^[29] A minor plane making a water landing or a boat having engine trouble can exist carried away from its reported position by the current.

Human mistake

One of the well-nigh cited explanations in official inquiries every bit to the loss of any aircraft or vessel is man error.^[xxx] Human being stubbornness may have caused businessman Harvey Conover to lose his sailing yacht, Revonoc, as he sailed into the teeth of a storm due south of Florida on January 1, 1958.^[31]

Violent weather condition

Hurricanes are powerful storms that grade in tropical waters and accept historically cost thousands of lives and caused billions of dollars in damage. The sinking of Francisco de Bobadilla's Spanish fleet in 1502 was the first recorded instance of a subversive hurricane. These storms have in the past caused a number of incidents related to the Triangle. Many Atlantic hurricanes pass through the Triangle as they recurve off the Eastern Seaboard, and, before the advent of weather condition satellite, ships often had little to no warning of a hurricane'southward approach.

Tracks of all Atlantic hurricanes between 1851 and 2019. Many storms laissez passer through the Bermuda Triangle.

A powerful downdraft of cold air was suspected to exist a crusade in the sinking of Pride of Baltimore on May 14, 1986. The crew of the sunken vessel noted the wind all of a sudden shifted and increased velocity from 32 km/h (twenty mph) to 97–145 km/h (60–xc mph). A National Hurricane Center satellite specialist, James Lushine, stated "during very unstable weather conditions the downburst of cold air from aloft tin hit the surface similar a bomb, exploding outward like a behemothic squall line of current of air and h2o."^[32] A similar event occurred to Concordia in 2010, off the coast of Brazil. Scientists are currently investigating whether "hexagonal" clouds may be the source of these upwards-to-170 mph (270 km/h) "air bombs".^[33]

Methane hydrates

An explanation for some of the disappearances has focused on the presence of big fields of methane hydrates (a form of natural gas) on the continental shelves.^[34] Laboratory experiments carried out in Australia have proven that bubbles can, indeed, sink a calibration model ship by decreasing the density of the water;^{[35] [36] [37]} any wreckage consequently rising to the surface would be speedily dispersed by the Gulf Stream. It has been hypothesized that periodic methane eruptions (sometimes called "mud volcanoes") may produce regions of frothy water that are no longer capable of providing adequate buoyancy for ships. If this were the case, such an area forming effectually a ship could cause it to sink very rapidly and without alert.

Publications by the USGS depict large stores of undersea hydrates worldwide, including the Blake Ridge surface area, off the coast of the southeastern United States.^[38] Even so, according to the USGS, no big releases of gas hydrates are believed to have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle for the past 15,000 years.^[3]

Notable incidents

HMS Atalanta

The sail training ship HMS Atalanta (originally named HMS Juno) disappeared with her entire coiffure after setting sail from the Imperial Naval Dockyard, Bermuda for Falmouth, England on 31 January 1880.^[39] It was presumed that she sank in a powerful storm which crossed her route a couple of weeks after she sailed, and that her crew being equanimous primarily of inexperienced trainees may accept been a contributing cistron. The search for evidence of her fate attracted worldwide attention at the fourth dimension (connection is likewise often made to the 1878 loss of the grooming ship HMS Eurydice, which foundered after parting the Royal Naval Dockyard in Bermuda for Portsmouth on 6 March), and she was alleged decades subsequently to have been a victim of the mysterious triangle, an accusation resoundingly refuted by the inquiry of author David Francis Raine in 1997.^{[40] [41] [42] [43] [44]}

USS Cyclops

The incident resulting in the single largest loss of life in the history of the US Navy not related to gainsay occurred when the collier Cyclops, carrying a full load of manganese ore and with one engine out of action, went missing without a trace with a coiffure of 309 sometime later on March four, 1918, after departing the island of Barbados. Although there is no strong testify for any single theory, many independent theories be, some blaming storms, some capsizing, and some suggesting that wartime enemy activeness was to blame for the loss.^{[45] [46]} In addition, two of Cyclops 's sister ships, Proteus and Nereus were subsequently lost in the North Atlantic during World War Ii. Both ships were transporting heavy loads of metal ore like to that which was loaded on Cyclops during her fatal voyage. In all three cases structural failure due to overloading with a much denser cargo than designed is considered the most probable cause of sinking.

Carroll A. Deering

Carroll A. Deering, a v-masted schooner congenital in 1919, was found difficult ashore and abandoned at Diamond Shoals, well-nigh Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on Jan 31, 1921. FBI investigation into the Deering scrutinized, so ruled out, multiple theories as to why and how the send was abandoned, including piracy, domestic Communist sabotage and the involvement of rum-runners.^[47]

Flying 19

US Navy Avengers, similar to those of Flight 19

Flight 19 was a grooming flight of five TBM Avenger torpedo bombers that disappeared on December 5, 1945, while over the Atlantic. The squadron's flight programme was scheduled to have them due due east from Fort Lauderdale for 141 mi (227 km), north for 73 mi (117 km), and and then dorsum over a last 140-mile (230-kilometre) leg to complete the exercise. The flight never returned to base of operations. The disappearance was attributed past Navy investigators to navigational fault leading to the aircraft running out of fuel.

1 of the search and rescue aircraft deployed to look for them, a PBM Mariner with a 13-man coiffure, also disappeared. A tanker off the coast of Florida reported seeing an explosion^[48] and observing a widespread oil slick when fruitlessly searching for survivors. The weather was becoming stormy past the finish of the incident.^[49] According to contemporaneous sources the Mariner had a history of explosions due to vapour leaks when heavily loaded with fuel, every bit information technology might have been for a potentially long search-and-rescue operation.

Star Tiger and Star Ariel

Yard-AHNP Star Tiger disappeared on January 30, 1948, on a flight from the Azores to Bermuda; G-AGRE Star Ariel disappeared on January 17, 1949, on a flight from Bermuda to Kingston, Jamaica. Both were Avro Tudor Iv passenger aircraft operated by British South American Airways.^[l] Both planes were operating at the very limits of their range and the slightest mistake or mistake in the equipment could keep them from reaching the small island.^[one]

Douglas DC-3

On December 28, 1948, a Douglas DC-three aircraft, number NC16002, disappeared while on a flying from San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Miami. No trace of the shipping, or the 32 people on board, was ever institute. A Civil Aeronautics Board investigation institute there was insufficient information bachelor on which to determine probable cause of the disappearance.^[51]

Connemara IV

A pleasure yacht was found adrift in the Atlantic southward of Bermuda on September 26, 1955; information technology is unremarkably stated in the stories (Berlitz, Winer)^{[12] [13]} that the crew vanished while the yacht survived being at sea during three hurricanes. The 1955 Atlantic hurricane flavour shows Hurricane Ione passing nearby between 14 and 18 September, with Bermuda being afflicted by winds of nigh gale force.^[one] In his second book on the Bermuda Triangle, Winer quoted from a letter of the alphabet he had received from Mr J.Eastward. Challenor of Barbados:^[52]

On the morning of September 22, Connemara IV was lying to a heavy mooring in the open up roadstead of Carlisle Bay. Considering of the approaching hurricane, the owner strengthened the mooring ropes and put out two boosted anchors. There was trivial else he could do, as the exposed mooring was the only available anchorage. ... In Carlisle Bay, the sea in the wake of Hurricane Janet was awe-inspiring and dangerous. The possessor of Connemara 4 observed that she had disappeared. An investigation revealed that she had dragged her moorings and gone to sea.

KC-135 Stratotankers

On August 28, 1963, a pair of U.s. Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker shipping collided and crashed into the Atlantic 300 miles due west of Bermuda.^{[53] [54]} Some writers^{[nine] [12] [xiii]} say that while the two shipping did collide there were two singled-out crash sites, separated by over 160 miles (260 km) of water. Yet, Kusche'southward inquiry showed that the unclassified version of the Air Force investigation report revealed that the debris field defining the second "crash site" was examined past a search and rescue ship, and plant to be a mass of seaweed and driftwood tangled in an sometime buoy.^[1]

See also

• List of Bermuda Triangle incidents
• List of topics characterized every bit pseudoscience
• Nevada Triangle
• Devil's Sea (or Dragon's Triangle)
• Sargasso Sea
• SS Cotopaxi
• Vile vortex
• Hurricane Alley

References

Citations

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f thousand h} Kusche, 1975.
2. ^ ^{a b c} "The Case of the Bermuda Triangle". NOVA / Horizon. 1976-06-27. PBS.
3. ^ ^{a b c} "Bermuda Triangle". Gas Hydrates at the USGS. Woods Hole. Archived from the original on 23 Oct 2012.
4. ^ Jones, E.V.West. (September sixteen, 1950). "Same Big Globe, Sea's Puzzles Withal Baffle Men In Pushbutton Historic period". Associated Press – via www.physics.smu.edu.
5. ^ "Has the 'Mystery' of the Bermuda Triangle Finally Been Solved?". The Quint. October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
6. ^ George X. San (October 1952). "Sea Mystery at Our Back Door". Fate.
7. ^ Allen West. Eckert (April 1962). "The Mystery of The Lost Patrol". American Legion Magazine. Cited in James R. Lewis (editor), Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion, Folklore, and Popular Civilisation, folio 72, segment by Jerome Clark (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2001). ISBN 1-57607-292-4
8. ^ Diana Formisano Willett, Paranormal Fear, p. 9 (AuthorHouse, 2013), ISBN 978-1-4817-3268-0
9. ^ ^{a b c} Gaddis, Vincent (1964), "The Mortiferous Bermuda Triangle", Argosy
10. ^ Vincent Gaddis (1965). Invisible Horizons.
11. ^ ^{a b} Spencer, 1969.
12. ^ ^{a b c d} Berlitz, 1974.
13. ^ ^{a b c} Winer 1974
14. ^ "Foreign fish: the scientifiction of Charles F. Berlitz, 1913–2003". Skeptic. Altadena, CA. March 2004.
15. ^ ^{a b c} "Frequently Asked Questions: Bermuda Triangle Fact Canvas" (PDF). US Section of Defense. 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-21.
16. ^ "Study finds shipwrecks threaten precious seas". BBC News/science. 7 June 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
17. ^ "Bermuda Triangle doesn't make the cut on list of earth's most dangerous oceans". The Christian Science Monitor. 2013-06-10. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
18. ^ "Equinox: The Bermuda Triangle". Archived from the original on 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2012-12-06 .
19. ^ "V A Fogg" (PDF). USCG. Retrieved 2012-12-06 .
20. ^ Taves, Ernest H. (1978). The Skeptical Inquirer. 111 (i): 75–76.
21. ^ Vocalizer, Barry (1979). The Humanist. XXXIX (3): 44–45.
22. ^ Radford, Benjamin (22 February 2016). "Lessons From A Middle School Bermuda Triangle Q&A". Center for Research. Archived from the original on 21 Nov 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
23. ^ Shinn, Eugene A. (January 2004). "A Geologist's Adventures with Bimini Beachrock and Atlantis True Believers". Skeptical Inquirer. Amherst, New York: Committee for Skeptical Enquiry. Archived from the original on Apr half-dozen, 2007.
24. ^ Michel, Desmarquet. "Disappearances of People and Ships in the Bermuda Triangle May Be Caused by a Warp Sucking Them Into a Parallel Universe". Retrieved 7 January 2022.
25. ^ "UFO over Bermuda Triangle". Ufos.well-nigh.com. June 29, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2009.
26. ^ Cochran-Smith, Marilyn (2003). "Bermuda Triangle: dichotomy, mythology, and amnesia". Periodical of Teacher Didactics. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. 54 (4): 275. doi:x.1177/0022487103256793. S2CID 145707847.
27. ^ "Bermuda Triangle". United states of america Navy. Retrieved 2009-05-26 .
28. ^ "National Geomagnetism Program | Charts | North America | Declination" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-02-28 .
29. ^ Phillips, Pamela. "The Gulf Stream". USNA/Johns Hopkins. Retrieved August 2, 2007.
30. ^ Mayell, Hillary (15 December 2003). "Bermuda Triangle: Behind the Intrigue". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. National Geographic Partners, LLC. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
31. ^ Scott, Captain Thomas A. (1994). Histories & Mysteries: The Shipwrecks of Key Largo (1st ed.). Best Publishing Visitor. p. 124. ISBN0941332330.
32. ^ "Downdraft probable sank clipper, The Miami News, May 23, 1986, p. 6A". Retrieved 1 Oct 2014.
33. ^ Kenny Walter (24 October 2016). "Bermuda Triangle Mystery Explained". RandD Magazine. Retrieved 2016-10-24 .
34. ^ Gruy, H. J. (March 1998). "Function of Scientific & Technical Data, OSTI, U.South. Section of Energy, DOE". Petroleum Engineer International. OTSI. 71 (3). OSTI 616279.
35. ^ "Could methane bubbling sink ships?". Monash Univ.
36. ^ Jason Dowling (2003-10-23). "Bermuda Triangle mystery solved? It's a load of gas". The Age.
37. ^ Terrence Aym (2010-08-06). "How Brilliant Calculator Scientists Solved the Bermuda Triangle Mystery". Salem-News.com.
38. ^ Paull, C.K.; W.P., D. (1981). "Advent and distribution of the gas hydrate reflection in the Blake Ridge region, offshore southeastern Us". Gas Hydrates at the USGS. Woods Pigsty. MF-1252. Archived from the original on 2012-02-xviii.
39. ^ Vanner, Antoine (2020-05-01). "Training Tragedies: the losses of HMS Eurydice and HMS Atalanta". The Dawlish Chronicles. The Dawlish Chronicles. Retrieved 2021-07-27 .
40. ^ Raine, David Francis (1997-01-01). Solved!: The Greatest Ocean Mystery of All. Bermuda: Pompano Publications. ISBN9780921962151.
41. ^ Hainey, Raymond (2011-02-09). "Solving a mystery of armed services blunder". The Royal Gazette, city of Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. Bermuda. Retrieved 2021-07-27 .
42. ^ "HMS Atalanta, January 31, 1880". Bermuda Triangle Cenral. Hungry Hart Productions. 2011-04-13. Retrieved 2021-07-27 .
43. ^ Quasar, Gian J. (2005-04-sixteen). Into the Bermuda Triangle: Pursuing the Truth Behind the World'due south Greatest Mystery. Camden, Maine; New York Metropolis; Chicago; San Francisco; Lisbon; London; Madrid; Mexico Urban center; Milan; New Delhi; San Juan; Seoul; Singapore; Sydney; Toronto: International Marine/McGraw Hill. p. 55, 56. ISBN9780071467032.
44. ^ Conradt, Stacy (2008-06-06). "The Quick 10: 10 Incidents at the Bermuda Triangle". Mental Floss. Pro Sportority (Israel) Ltd, trading as Minute Media. Retrieved 2021-07-27 .
45. ^ "Bermuda Triangle". D Merrill. Archived from the original on 2002-11-24.
46. ^ "Myths and Folklore of Bermuda". Bermuda Cruises. Archived from the original on 2009-06-10.
47. ^ "The Legend Of The Ghost Send: Carroll A. Deering". National Park Foundation. National Park Foundation. November ii, 2015. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
48. ^ "The Loss of Flight 19". history.navy.mil.
49. ^ "The Disappearance of Flight 19". Bermuda-Triangle.Org. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
50. ^ "The Tudors". Bermuda-Triangle.Org. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
51. ^ "Airborne Ship, Miami, Dec 1948" (PDF). Aviation Safety. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-03. Retrieved 2015-10-05 .
52. ^ Winer 1975, pp. 95–96
53. ^ Accident description for 61-0322 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 2 February 2013.
54. ^ Blow description for 61-0319 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 2 February 2013.

Bibliography

The incidents cited in a higher place, apart from the official documentation, come up from the post-obit works. Some incidents mentioned every bit having taken place within the Triangle are found but in these sources:

• Berg, Daniel (2000). Bermuda Shipwrecks. East Rockaway, NY: Aqua Explorers. ISBN0961616741.
• Berlitz, Charles (1974). The Bermuda Triangle (1st ed.). Doubleday. ISBN0385041144.
• Group, David (1984). The Evidence for the Bermuda Triangle. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire: Aquarian Press. ISBN0-85030-413-10.
• Jeffrey, Adi-Kent Thomas (1975). The Bermuda Triangle. ISBN0446599611.
• Kusche, Lawrence David (1975). The Bermuda Triangle Mystery Solved. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN0879759712.
• Quasar, Gian J. (2003). Into the Bermuda Triangle: Pursuing the Truth Backside the World's Greatest Mystery. International Marine / Ragged Mount Printing. ISBN0-07-142640-X. Reprinted in paperback in 2005; ISBN 0-07-145217-6.
• Spencer, John Wallace (1969). Limbo Of The Lost. ISBN0-686-10658-X.
• Winer, Richard (1974). The Devil's Triangle . ISBN0-553-10688-0.
• Winer, Richard (1975). The Devil's Triangle two. ISBN0-553-02464-7.

Further reading

Newspaper articles

ProQuest has newspaper source textile for many incidents, archived in Portable Document Format (PDF). The newspapers include The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Atlanta Constitution. To admission this website, registration is required, usually through a library connected to a college or university.

Flying 19

• "Great Hunt On For 27 Navy Fliers Missing In Five Planes Off Florida", The New York Times, December 7, 1945.
• "Wide Chase For 27 Men In Half-dozen Navy Planes", The Washington Post, December seven, 1945.
• "Fire Signals Seen In Area Of Lost Men", The Washington Mail service, Dec 9, 1945.

SS Cotopaxi

• "Lloyd's posts Cotopaxi As 'Missing'", The New York Times, January vii, 1926.
• "Efforts To Locate Missing Ship Fail", The Washington Post, December 6, 1925.
• "Lighthouse Keepers Seek Missing Ship", The Washington Mail service, December 7, 1925.
• "53 On Missing Craft Are Reported Saved", The Washington Postal service, December 13, 1925.

USS Cyclops (Ac-4)

• "Cold High Winds Do $25,000 Damage", The Washington Post, March xi, 1918.
• "Collier Overdue A Month", The New York Times, April 15, 1918.
• "More Ships Hunt For Missing Cyclops", The New York Times, April 16, 1918.
• "Haven't Given Up Hope For Cyclops", The New York Times, April 17, 1918.
• "Collier Cyclops Is Lost; 293 Persons On Board; Enemy Blow Suspected", The Washington Mail service, April xv, 1918.
• "U.S. Consul Gottschalk Coming To Enter The War", The Washington Post, April 15, 1918.
• "Cyclops Skipper Teuton, 'Tis Said", The Washington Post, April 16, 1918.
• "Fate Of Transport Baffles", The Washington Post, April 16, 1918.
• "Steamer Met Gale On Cyclops' Course", The Washington Postal service, Apr 19, 1918.

Carroll A. Deering

• "Piracy Suspected In Disappearance Of 3 American Ships", The New York Times, June 21, 1921.
• "Bath Owners Skeptical", The New York Times, June 22, 1921. piera antonella
• "Deering Skipper's Wife Caused Investigation", The New York Times, June 22, 1921.
• "More Ships Added To Mystery List", The New York Times, June 22, 1921.
• "Hunt On For Pirates", The Washington Post, June 21, 1921
• "Comb Seas For Ships", The Washington Post, June 22, 1921.
• "Port Of Missing Ships Claims 3000 Yearly", The Washington Mail service, July 10, 1921.

Wreckers

• "'Wreckreation' Was The Name Of The Game That Flourished 100 Years Ago", The New York Times, March xxx, 1969.

S.Due south. Suduffco

• "To Search For Missing Freighter", The New York Times, April 11, 1926.
• "Abandon Hope For Ship", The New York Times, April 28, 1926.

Star Tiger and Star Ariel

• "Promise Wanes in Body of water Search For 28 Aboard Lost Airliner", The New York Times, January 31, 1948.
• "72 Planes Search Sea For Airliner", The New York Times, Jan 19, 1949.

DC-3 Airliner NC16002 disappearance

• "30-Passenger Airliner Disappears In Flight From San Juan To Miami", The New York Times, December 29, 1948.
• "Check Cuba Study Of Missing Airliner", The New York Times, December xxx, 1948.
• "Airliner Hunt Extended", The New York Times, December 31, 1948.

Harvey Conover and Revonoc

• "Search Continuing For Conover Yawl", The New York Times, January eight, 1958.
• "Yacht Search Goes On", The New York Times, January 9, 1958.
• "Yacht Search Pressed", The New York Times, January x, 1958.
• "Conover Search Called Off", The New York Times, January 15, 1958.

KC-135 Stratotankers

• "2d Area Of Droppings Found In Chase For Jets", The New York Times, August 31, 1963.
• "Hunt For Tanker Jets Halted", The New York Times, September 3, 1963.
• "Planes Debris Plant In Jet Tanker Hunt", The Washington Mail service, August 30, 1963.

B-52 Bomber (Pogo 22)

• "U.Southward.-Canada Test Of Air Defence A Success", The New York Times, October xvi, 1961.
• "Hunt For Lost B-52 Bomber Pushed In New Expanse", The New York Times, October 17, 1961.
• "Bomber Hunt Pressed", The New York Times, October eighteen, 1961.
• "Bomber Search Continuing", The New York Times, Oct 19, 1961.
• "Chase For Bomber Ends", The New York Times, October xx, 1961.

Charter vessel Sno'Male child

• "Plane Hunting Gunkhole Sights Body In Sea", The New York Times, July vii, 1963.
• "Search Abandoned For 40 On Vessel Lost In Caribbean", The New York Times, July 11, 1963.
• "Search Continues For Vessel With 55 Aboard In Caribbean area", The Washington Post, July 6, 1963.
• "Body Found In Search For Angling Gunkhole", The Washington Post, July 7, 1963.

SS Marine Sulphur Queen

• "Tanker Lost In Atlantic; 39 Aboard", The Washington Mail, February 9, 1963.
• "Droppings Sighted In Plane Search For Tanker Missing Off Florida", The New York Times, February 11, 1963.
• "2.5 Million Is Asked In Bounding main Disaster", The Washington Post, Feb nineteen, 1963.
• "Vanishing Of Ship Ruled A Mystery", The New York Times, April xiv, 1964.
• "Families Of 39 Lost At Ocean Begin $twenty-Million Suit Here", The New York Times, June iv, 1969.
• "10-Year Rift Over Lost Transport Near End", The New York Times, Feb 4, 1973.

SS Sylvia L. Ossa

• "Ship And 37 Vanish In Bermuda Triangle On Voyage To U.S.", The New York Times, October xviii, 1976.
• "Ship Missing In Bermuda Triangle At present Presumed To Exist Lost At Sea", The New York Times, October nineteen, 1976.
• "Distress Signal Heard From American Sailor Missing For 17 Days", The New York Times, Oct 31, 1976.

Website links

The following websites accept either online material that supports the popular version of the Bermuda Triangle, or documents published from official sources equally part of hearings or inquiries, such equally those conducted past the United States Navy or The states Coast Guard. Copies of some inquiries are not online and may have to be ordered; for example, the losses of Flight 19 or USS Cyclops can be ordered direct from the United states of america Naval Historical Center.

• Text of February, 1964 Argosy Mag commodity past Vincent Gaddis
• United states of america Coast Guard database of selected reports and inquiries
• U.South. Navy Historical Heart Bermuda Triangle FAQ
• U.S. Navy Historical C/ The Bermuda Triangle: Startling New Secrets, Sci Fi Channel documentary (November 2005)
• Navy Historical Centre: The Loss Of Flight 19
• on losses of heavy ships at body of water
• Bermuda Shipwrecks
• Association of Underwater Explorers shipwreck listings page Archived 2009-02-13 at the Wayback Car
• Lexicon of American Naval Fighting Ships
• "Summary of Missing Planes". Bermuda-Triangle.Org. Archived from the original on 3 June 2004. Retrieved 30 Dec 2007.

Books

Most of the works listed here are largely out of print. Copies may be obtained at your local library, or purchased used at bookstores, or through eBay or Amazon.com. These books are oftentimes the merely source material for some of the incidents that have taken place inside the Triangle.

• Into the Bermuda Triangle: Pursuing the Truth Behind the Earth'southward Greatest Mystery by Gian J. Quasar, International Marine/Ragged Mount Press (2003) ISBN 0-07-142640-X; contains list of missing craft every bit researched in official records. (Reprinted in paperback (2005) ISBN 0-07-145217-vi).
• The Bermuda Triangle, Charles Berlitz (ISBN 0-385-04114-iv): Out of print.
• The Bermuda Triangle Mystery Solved (1975). Lawrence David Kusche (ISBN 0-87975-971-2)
• Limbo Of The Lost, John Wallace Spencer (ISBN 0-686-10658-Ten)
• The Evidence for the Bermuda Triangle (1984), David Grouping (ISBN 0-85030-413-X)
• The Final Flight (2006), Tony Blackman (ISBN 0-9553856-0-one). This book is a work of fiction.
• Bermuda Shipwrecks (2000), Daniel Berg(ISBN 0-9616167-4-1)
• The Devil's Triangle (1974), Richard Winer (ISBN 0-553-10688-0); this book sold well over a 1000000 copies by the terminate of its beginning twelvemonth; to appointment there have been at to the lowest degree 17 printings.
• The Devil'south Triangle 2 (1975), Richard Winer (ISBN 0-553-02464-vii)
• From the Devil's Triangle to the Devil'southward Jaw (1977), Richard Winer (ISBN 0-553-10860-iii)
• Ghost Ships: Truthful Stories of Nautical Nightmares, Hauntings, and Disasters (2000), Richard Winer (ISBN 0-425-17548-0)
• The Bermuda Triangle (1975) by Adi-Kent Thomas Jeffrey (ISBN 0-446-59961-1)
• Bara, Mike (2019). The Triangle: The truth behind the world's well-nigh enduring mystery. Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited. p. 191. ASIN B07SVG79C5.

External links

• "Database of selected reports and inquiries". United states Coast Guard.
• Quasar, Gian. "Bermuda Triangle Mystery". Bermuda-Triangle.Org. Archived from the original on 20 July 2012.
• Quasar, Gian. "Gian Quasar's Bermuda Triangle". – updated version of Quasar's Bermuda Triangle information.
• "Bermuda Triangle FAQ". United states of america Navy Historical Center.
• "Selective Bibliography". Us Navy Historical Middle. Archived from the original on 2006-07-09.
• "The Loss Of Flying 19". US Navy Historical Center.
• "On losses of heavy ships at sea".
• "Bermuda Shipwrecks".
• Barnette, Michael C. "Shipwreck listings page". Association of Underwater Explorers. Archived from the original on 2009-02-thirteen. Retrieved 2007-01-04 .
• SigmaDocumentaries. "The Mystery of the Bermuda Triangle". Sigma Documentaries.
• Dunning, Brian (20 Nov 2012). "Skeptoid #337: The Bermuda Triangle and the Devil's Body of water". Skeptoid . Retrieved 15 June 2017.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle

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